International Journal of Obesity 35, 810-819 (June 2011) | doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.213
Background:
Regular consumption of diets with increased protein or fibre intakes may benefit body weight and composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Lupin flour is a novel food ingredient high in protein and fibre.
Objective:
To investigate the effects of a lupin-enriched diet, during and following energy restriction, on body weight and composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight individuals.
Design:
Participants (n=131) were recruited to a 12-month parallel-design trial. They were randomly assigned to consume lupin-enriched foods or matching high-carbohydrate control foods. All participants underwent 3 months of weight loss, 1 month of weight stabilization and 8 months of weight maintenance. Body weight and composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors were assessed at baseline, 4 and 12 months.
Results:
Lupin, relative to control, did not significantly influence (mean difference (95% CI)) weight loss at 4 months (0.1 kg (−1.2, 1.4)) and 12 months (−0.6 kg (−2.0, 0.8)), maintenance of weight loss from 4 to 12 months (−0.7 kg (−1.83, 0.48)) or measures of body fat and fat-free mass. Relative to control, 24-h ambulatory systolic (−1.3 mm Hg (−2.4, −0.3), P=0.016) and diastolic (−1.0 mm Hg (−1.9, −0.2), P=0.021) blood pressures were lower at 12 months but not at 4 months; fasting insulin concentrations and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) scores were significantly lower at 4 months (−1.2 mU l–1 (−1.3, −1.1), P=0.004 and −0.6 units (−1.0, −0.19), P=0.004) and 12 months (−1.3 mU l–1 (−1.4, −1.1), P<0.001 and −0.7 units (−1.1, −0.24), P=0.002).
Conclusions:
A diet higher in protein and fibre derived from lupin-enriched foods does not enhance weight loss or improve the maintenance of weight loss. However, such a diet may provide cardiovascular health benefits in terms of insulin sensitivity and blood pressure.
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